Rotational Motion - NEET Physics Questions
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Rotational Motion

Question 41: moderate

A solid cylinder of mass $3\text{ kg}$ is rolling on a horizontal surface with velocity $4\text{ m s}^{-1}$. It collides with a horizontal spring of force constant $200\text{ Nm}^{-1}$. The maximum compression produced in the spring will be:

(2012 Pre)

1. $0.5\text{ m}$
2. $0.6\text{ m}$
3. $0.7\text{ m}$
4. $0.2\text{ m}$
View Answer

By mechanical energy conservation, kinetic energy converts to spring potential energy: $\frac{3}{4}mv^2 = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$. Substituting the values gives $x = 0.6\text{ m}$.

Question 42: easy

A solid cylinder and a hollow cylinder, both of the same mass and same external diameter are released from the same height at the same time on an inclined plane. Both roll down without slipping. Which one will reach the bottom first?

(2010 Mains)

1. Both together only when angle of inclination of plane is $45^{\circ}$
2. Both together
3. Hollow cylinder
4. Solid cylinder
View Answer

The acceleration of a rolling body depends on its moment of inertia ratio $I/mR^2$. The solid cylinder has a smaller moment of inertia ratio ($1/2$) compared to the hollow cylinder ($1$), giving it a higher acceleration and causing it to reach the bottom first.

Question 43: moderate

A solid sphere of radius R is placed in smooth horizontal surface. A horizontal force F is applied, at height ‘h’ from the lowest point. For the maximum acceleration of centre of mass, which is correct:

(2002)

1. h = R
2. h = 2R
3. h = 0
4. No relation between h and R
View Answer

Acceleration of the centre of mass is given by $a = frac{F}{m} + frac{tau}{I}R_{text{eff}}$. For a smooth surface with no friction, force torque about centre is $tau = F(h-R)$. Maximizing acceleration depends on applying force at the top point where $h = 2R$ to maximize translational effect without opposing torque constraints, or simply using Newton's second law where $a = F/m$ is independent of $h$ unless specified with rotation, but for rolling/sliding conditions $h=2R$ yields specific torque relations.

Question 44: moderate

The speed of a homogenous solid sphere after rolling down an inclined plane of vertical height $h$ from rest without sliding is:

(1992)

1. $\sqrt{\frac{10}{7}gh}$
2. $\sqrt{gh}$
3. $\sqrt{\frac{6}{5}gh}$
4. $\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}gh}$
View Answer

Using conservation of mechanical energy: $mgh = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 + \frac{1}{2}I\omega^2$. For a solid sphere ($I = \frac{2}{5}MR^2$), solving yields $v = \sqrt{\frac{10}{7}gh}$.

Question 45: moderate

For a hollow cylinder & a solid cylinder rolling without slipping on an inclined plane, then which of these reaches earlier on the ground:

(2000)

1. Solid cylinder
2. Hollow cylinder
3. Both simultaneously
4. Can't say anything
View Answer

Acceleration of a rolling body is given by $$a = \frac{g \sin\theta}{1 + I/MR^2}$$. Since the solid cylinder has a smaller moment of inertia ratio than the hollow cylinder, its acceleration is greater, so it reaches the bottom first.

Question 46: moderate

A solid sphere, disc and solid cylinder all of the same mass and made of the same material are allowed to roll down (from rest) on the inclined plane, then:

(1993)

1. Solid sphere reaches the bottom first
2. Solid sphere reaches the bottom last
3. Disc will reach the bottom first
4. All reach the bottom at the same time
View Answer

The acceleration on an inclined plane is inversely proportional to $1 + I/MR^2$. Solid sphere has the lowest moment of inertia coefficient ($2/5$), giving it maximum acceleration and shortest time to reach the bottom.