Assertion (A): On increasing the frequency of incident light, the photoelectric current increases.
Reason (R): Photoelectric current depends upon the wavelength of incident light.
1. Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)
2. Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. Both (A) and (R) are false
View Answer
Increasing the frequency of incident light increases the kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons, not the photoelectric current. Photoelectric current depends primarily on the intensity of the incident light, provided the frequency is above the threshold. Therefore, both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.
Assertion (A): In photoelectric effect, the number of photoelectrons emitted is always equal to number of photons incident.
Reason (R): All the photons falling on the surface will eject photoelectrons.
1. Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)
2. Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. Both (A) and (R) are false
View Answer
The number of emitted photoelectrons is generally less than the number of incident photons due to quantum efficiency and reflection losses. Photons can only eject electrons if their energy \(\text{h}\nu\) exceeds the work function \(\phi\). Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.
Assertion (A): Electron from metal surface ejects only when light of particular wavelength will fall on surface.
Reason (R): Light shows wave nature.
1. Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)
2. Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. Both (A) and (R) are false
View Answer
Photoelectric emission occurs only when the incident light's wavelength (\lambda\) is below a specific threshold wavelength (\lambda_0\) (A is true). Light exhibits both wave-like (e.g., diffraction) and particle-like properties (R is true). However, the wave nature of light cannot explain the threshold effect for photoelectric emission. Thus, both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
Assertion (A): The ratio of wavelength in first transition of lyman series for H atom and He+ atom is exactly equal to four.
Reason (R): In all atoms electron revolve around fixed nucleus.
1. Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)
2. Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. Both (A) and (R) are false
View Answer
The wavelength for hydrogen-like atoms is given by \(1/\lambda \propto Z^2\). For the first transition of the Lyman series (n=1 to n=2), \(lambda_H = 4/(3R)\) and \(lambda_{\text{He}^+} = 1/(3R)\). Their ratio \(lambda_H / \lambda_{\text{He}^+} = 4\). So (A) is true. Reason (R) is false as nuclei are not perfectly fixed; they exhibit recoil and vibration.
Assertion (A): When the speed of an electron increases its specific charge decreases.
Reason (R): Specific charge is the ratio of the mass to charge.
1. Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)
2. Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. Both (A) and (R) are false
View Answer
Assertion (A) is true: relativistic mass \(m = m_0 \sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}\) increases with speed \(v\), so specific charge \(q/m\) decreases. Reason (R) is false because specific charge is defined as the ratio of charge to mass (\(q/m\)), not mass to charge.
Assertion (A): As we increase applied voltage on LED intensity of emitted light first increases then decreases.
Reason (R): We use LED in forward bias.
1. Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)
2. Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. Both (A) and (R) are false
View Answer
Assertion (A) is true in a nuanced sense; while intensity generally increases with voltage/current, at very high currents, efficiency can decrease due to thermal effects or Auger recombination (LED droop), leading to a peak and subsequent decrease in intensity. Reason (R) is true; LEDs are operated in forward bias. However, (R) does not explain the intensity variation described in (A).
The maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons in photoelectric effects is independent of:
1. Frequency of incident radiation
2. Wavelength of incident radiation
3. Work function of material
4. Intensity of incident radiation
View Answer
The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons is given by Einstein's equation: \(K_{\text{max}} = h\nu - \Phi\). It depends on frequency, wavelength, and work function, but is independent of the light's intensity, which only affects the number of emitted photoelectrons.
Ultraviolet radiation of \(6.1 \text{eV}\) falls on an aluminium surface of work function \(4.2 \text{eV}\). The kinetic energy of the fastest electron emitted is
1. \(1.9 \times 10^{-19} \text{J}\)
2. \(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{J}\)
3. \(3.04 \times 10^{-19} \text{J}\)
4. \(2.5 \times 10^{-19} \text{J}\)
View Answer
According to Einstein's photoelectric equation, \(K_{max} = h\nu - \phi = 6.1 \text{eV} - 4.2 \text{eV} = 1.9 \text{eV}\). Converting to Joules: \(1.9 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{J} = 3.04 \times 10^{-19} \text{J}\).