NEET P-N Junction Diode and its applications MCQs & PYQs

In a half-wave rectifier, the output frequency is exactly equal to the input AC frequency because one output pulse occurs for every full cycle of the input. Thus, the output frequency remains $60$ Hz.

The DC component or average voltage of a half-wave rectified sinusoidal signal is given by $V_{dc} = \frac{V_0}{\pi}$, where $V_0$ is the peak voltage. Substituting $V_0 = 10$ V yields a DC component of $\frac{10}{\pi}$ V.

A full-wave rectifier produces two positive output pulses for every single full cycle of the input AC signal. Therefore, the fundamental ripple frequency is twice the input frequency, yielding $2 \times 50 = 100$ Hz.

A Zener diode is heavily doped to operate safely in the reverse breakdown region. Once breakdown occurs, it maintains a near-constant voltage across its terminals despite large variations in current, making it ideal for voltage stabilisation.

The photo-electromotive force generated in a photocell is directly proportional to the number of electron-hole pairs created per second. This pair generation rate depends strictly on the number of incident photons, which defines the intensity of the incident light.

According to the Child-Langmuir law governing thermionic diodes (electronic valves) in the space-charge limited region, the plate current is directly proportional to the three-halves power of the plate voltage, establishing the relationship $I \propto V^{3/2}$.