Terminal Potential Difference and EMF – Rankers Physics

Combination of Batteries: Practice Problem & Solution

Assertion (A): Terminal potential difference of a cell is always less than its emf. Reason (R): Potential drop across internal resistance of cell increases terminal potential difference.  
Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)
Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)
(A) is true but (R) is false
Both (A) and (R) are false

Solution Explained:

To solve this problem, we apply the core principles of Combination of Batteries. Understanding the underlying formula is key to arriving at the correct answer below:

Assertion (A) is false. The terminal potential difference \( V \) is equal to emf \( E \) when no current is drawn (open circuit) and can be greater than \( E \) during charging. Reason (R) is false. The potential drop across internal resistance (\( Ir \)) actually decreases the terminal potential difference (\( V = E - Ir \) for discharging).

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