14. An AC voltage is applied to a resistance R and an inductor L in series. If R and the inductive reactance are both equal to $3 \Omega$, the phase difference between the applied voltage and the current in the circuit is: (2011 Pre)
Solution:
Phase difference $\phi$ in a series RL circuit is given by $\tan\phi = \frac{X_L}{R}$. Given $X_L = 3 \Omega$ and $R = 3 \Omega$, $\tan\phi = \frac{3}{3} = 1$. Therefore, the phase difference is $\phi = \frac{\pi}{4}$.
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