Reason (R): Fast neutrons transfer 90% of their kinetic energy to the nuclei of the moderator in an elastic collision.
Solution:
Assertion (A) is true. Deuterium's mass is close to a neutron's, making it efficient for moderation. Reason (R) is true; in elastic collision with deuterium, neutrons lose about 89% of their kinetic energy. (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
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