Reason (R): For \( d^2 << A \) a fringing effect can be ignored in the region sufficiently far from the edge.
Solution:
Assertion (A) is true; for a parallel plate capacitor, 'd' must be much smaller than plate dimensions for the uniform field approximation. Reason (R) is also true. The condition \( d^2 << A \) (implying \( d << \sqrt{A} )\) allows ignoring fringing effects. Thus, (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
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