Basics of Current: Practice Problem & Solution

Solution Explained:

To solve this problem, we apply the core principles of Basics of Current. Understanding the underlying formula is key to arriving at the correct answer below:

Assertion (A) is true: The thermal motion of electrons is random, so their average velocity vector \( langle vec{v}_{th} rangle \) is zero. Reason (R) is false: Electrons in a conductor are in continuous, random thermal motion even in the absence of an external electric field; they are not at rest.