Atomic Structure: Practice Problem & Solution

Solution Explained:

To solve this problem, we apply the core principles of Atomic Structure. Understanding the underlying formula is key to arriving at the correct answer below:

$\alpha$-rays consist of helium nuclei ($_{2}He^{4}$), which carry a positive charge of $+2e$. $\beta$-rays are negatively charged electrons, while $\gamma$-rays and X-rays are uncharged electromagnetic waves.