Rankers Physics
Topic: Current Electricity
Subtopic: Combination of Batteries

Two cells of e.m.fs. E1 and E2 and internal resistance r1 and r2 are connected in parallel. Then the e.m.f. and internal resistance of the equivalent source is :
\[E_{1}+E_{2} and \frac{r_{1}r_{2}}{r_{1}+r_{2}}\]
\[E_{1}-E_{2} and r_{1}+r_{2}\]
\[\frac{E_{1}r_{2}+E_{2}r_{1}}{r_{1}+r_{2}} and \frac{r_{1}r_{2}}{r_{1}+r_{2}}\]
\[\frac{E_{1}r_{2}+E_{2}r_{1}}{r_{1}+r_{2}} and r_{1} +r_{2}\]

Solution:

To find the equivalent emf (EeqE_{\text{eq}}) and internal resistance (reqr_{\text{eq}}) of two cells connected in parallel, we use the following principles:


1. Equivalent emf (EeqE_{\text{eq}}):

In parallel connection, the total current is the sum of the currents through each cell. Using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, the equivalent emf is given by:

Eeq=E1r2+E2r1r1+r2.E_{\text{eq}} = \frac{E_1 r_2 + E_2 r_1}{r_1 + r_2}.


2. Equivalent internal resistance (reqr_{\text{eq}}):

For resistances in parallel, the equivalent resistance is given by:

1req=1r1+1r2.\frac{1}{r_{\text{eq}}} = \frac{1}{r_1} + \frac{1}{r_2}.

Simplify:

req=r1r2r1+r2.r_{\text{eq}} = \frac{r_1 r_2}{r_1 + r_2}.


Final Answer:

The equivalent emf and internal resistance of the parallel combination are:

Eeq=E1r2+E2r1r1+r2,req=r1r2r1+r2.\boxed{E_{\text{eq}} = \frac{E_1 r_2 + E_2 r_1}{r_1 + r_2}, \quad r_{\text{eq}} = \frac{r_1 r_2}{r_1 + r_2}}.

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