Rankers Physics
Topic: Thermal Physics
Subtopic: Thermometer

A bar of iron is 10 cm at 20ºC. At 19ºC it will be (α of iron = 11 × 10–6/ºC)
\[ 11\times 10^{-6} cm longer\]
\[ 11\times 10^{-6} cm shorter \]
\[ 11\times 10^{-5} cm shorter\]
\[ 11\times 10^{-5} cm longer\]

Solution:

The change in length \( \Delta L \) due to temperature change is given by:

\[
\Delta L = L_0 \alpha \Delta T
\]

where:
- \( L_0 = 10 \, \text{cm} \)
- \( \alpha = 11 \times 10^{-6} / ^\circ \text{C} \)
- \( \Delta T = 20^\circ \text{C} - 19^\circ \text{C} = 1^\circ \text{C} \)

Substitute the values:

\[
\Delta L = 10 \times 11 \times 10^{-6} \times 1 = 11 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{cm}
\]

Thus, the bar will be \( 11 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{cm} \) shorter at 19ºC.

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