Reason (R): For induced electric field, the line integral \( \oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{l} \) around a closed path is non-zero.
Solution:
Assertion (A) is true because varying magnetic flux induces a non-conservative electric field. Reason (R) is true; for a non-conservative field, \( \oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{l} \neq 0 \). (R) correctly explains why the induced electric field is non-conservative.
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