Average Thermal Velocity of Electrons – Rankers Physics
Topic: Current Electricity
Subtopic: Basics of Current

Average Thermal Velocity of Electrons

Assertion (A): The average thermal velocity of the electrons in the conductor is zero.
Reason (R): Direction of motion of electrons are randomly oriented.
 
(1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)
(2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false

Solution:

In a conductor, free electrons are in constant random thermal motion. Due to this random orientation, for every electron moving in one direction, there's another moving in a roughly opposite direction, leading to a cancellation of their velocities. Therefore, the vector sum of these random velocities, which is the average thermal velocity, is zero. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) correctly explains (A).

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *