NEET Physics Question - Electrostatics - Electric Potential Energy

Assertion (A): Distance of closest approach for free target is more than that for fixed target.

Reason (R): Total energy is conserved for free target but not for fixed target.

Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)

Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)

(A) is true but (R) is false

Both (A) and (R) are false

Solution:

For a free target, kinetic energy is shared, reducing the effective kinetic energy, leading to a larger closest approach distance (A is true). For a free target, mechanical energy of interacting particles is conserved. For a fixed target, external forces do work, so mechanical energy of the interacting particles is not conserved (R is true). This difference explains (A).

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