Melting Ice and System Work – Rankers Physics
Topic: Thermal Physics
Subtopic: Thermodynamics

Melting Ice and System Work


Assertion (A): During the melting of a slab of ice at \(273\text{ K}\) at \(1\text{ atm}\) positive work is done on the ice-water system by the atmosphere.
Reason (R): In above process, the internal energy of ice-water system increases.
 
(1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)
(2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false

Solution:

When ice melts to water, its volume decreases \(\Delta V < 0\). Work done *by* the atmosphere *on* the system is \(-P\Delta V\), which is positive. So (A) is true. During melting, latent heat is absorbed, increasing internal energy \(\Delta U = Q - W\). Since \(Q\) is positive and \(W\) (work by system) is negative, \(\Delta U\) is positive. So (R) is true. However, the increase in internal energy is not the reason for the work done by the atmosphere; it's the volume change. So (R) does not explain (A).

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