Solution:
By Gauss's law, \(\Phi_E = \frac{q_{\text{enclosed}}}{ε_0}\). The flux depends only on the net charge enclosed inside the surface, and is independent of the size and shape of the closed surface.
By Gauss's law, \(\Phi_E = \frac{q_{\text{enclosed}}}{ε_0}\). The flux depends only on the net charge enclosed inside the surface, and is independent of the size and shape of the closed surface.
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