Solution:
A monoatomic gas molecule has 3 degrees of freedom (translational). By the law of equipartition of energy, energy per degree of freedom is $\frac{1}{2}k_BT$. Total average thermal energy = $3 \times \frac{1}{2}k_BT = \frac{3}{2}k_BT$.
The average thermal energy for a mono-atomic gas is: ($k_B$ is Boltzmann constant and T is absolute temperature) (2020)
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