Rankers Physics
Topic: Electrostatics
Subtopic: Electric Dipole

An electric dipole with dipole moment \( \overrightarrow{p}=\left( 3\hat{i}+4\hat{j} \right) \) C-m, is kept in electric field \(\overrightarrow{E}=0.4kN/C\hat{i} \). What is the torque acting on it & the potential energy of the dipole ?
\[ 1600\left( N\times m \right)\hat{k},-1200J\]
\[ -1600\left( N\times m \right)\hat{k},1200J\]
\[ -1600\left( N\times m \right)\hat{k},-1200J \]
\[ 1600\left( N\times m \right)\hat{k},1200J \]

Solution:

Given:
- Dipole moment: \( \overrightarrow{p} = 3\hat{i} + 4\hat{j} \) C·m
- Electric field: \( \overrightarrow{E} = 0.4 \, \text{kN/C} \hat{i} = 400 \, \text{N/C} \hat{i} \)

Torque (\( \overrightarrow{\tau} \)):
\[
\overrightarrow{\tau} = \overrightarrow{p} \times \overrightarrow{E}
\]

\[
\overrightarrow{\tau} = \begin{vmatrix}
\hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\
3 & 4 & 0 \\
400 & 0 & 0
\end{vmatrix} = \hat{k} \big(3(0) - 4(400)\big) = -1600\hat{k} \, \text{N·m}
\]

Potential Energy (\( U \)):
\[
U = -\overrightarrow{p} \cdot \overrightarrow{E}
\]
\[
U = -(3 \times 400 + 4 \times 0) = -1200 \, \text{J}
\]

Final Answer:
- Torque: \( -1600 \, \text{N·m} \hat{k} \)
- Potential energy: \( -1200 \, \text{J} \)

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